Quality of Service (QoS) Requirements for ROIA

Quality of Service (QoS) Requirements for ROIA Real-Time Online Interactive Applications (ROIA), demand very high Quality of Service (QoS) on the underlying network. These demands can vary on run time depending on number of users. However, Traditional networks cannot fulfill dynamic QoS requirements. SDN based networks use Northbound API to provide communication between applications and SDN. For SDN community, creating and standardizing Northbound API is still in progress. In this paper specifications of SDN Northbound API are described that allow ROIA to fulfil dynamic network requirements. ROIA using SDN based networks, Northbound API allows applications to specify their requirements on the network and communicates these requirement to SDN controller. The SDN controller then tries to accommodate requested requirements by reconfiguring the network. The North bound API is divided into two parts a) A base API; which provides generic network control functionalities along with management of QoS requirements and b) An Application lev el API; that targets ROIA developer to specify about achieved QoS demands. This provides a promising dynamic QoS demands for ROIA. The proposed specifications of Northbound API are also analyzed based on different scenarios of ROIA. Large scale or multi domain and multi operators SDN with distributed control plane and multiple controller are easy to manage as each operator wants to manage their own domain according to their own requirements. This paper presents an OpenFlow based end-to-end QoS architecture for distributed control plane architectures. Each controller calculates an optimal QoS based route within its domain and then shares its aggregated information with other domain controllers for secure and scalable inter-domain routing. To support this effect, a network topology aggregation and link summarization methods are also proposed. The main advantage of proposed methods are i) Scalable QoS support; the size of optimization problem depends on boarder nodes rather than total number of nodes and ii) security; the topology aggregation does not completely reveals its network information from one domain to the another domain. To analyze the performance of proposed techniques in terms of quality, cost and memo ry overhead are applied on streaming of layered video. The received quality of video showed that proposed distributed solution works better for large scale networks. Currently, Quality of Service (QoS) requirement over the Internet is a major concern for a business customers. However, present network infrastructure and architecture are inflexible to fulfill increased QoS requirements. SDN well-known technologies OpenFlow, OF-Config (OpenFlow Configuration and Management protocol), and OVSDB (Open vSwitch Database Management protocol) for the Future Internet, enables flexibility by separating the control plane and networking devices. A resilient differentiation framework for OpenFlow networks is implemented and tested for single AS (Autonomous System) and multiple AS scenarios. The results showed that high-priority traffic can get precedence over best-effort traffic even on failure condition. Moreover, the implemented framework is in fact resilient to failures and is able to maintain the desired QoS performance, adapting to the available links and providing the necessary configurations in real-time. In SDN-enable devices, Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) stores critical hardware rules for high-speed processing of packets. TCAM is an expensive and energy-consuming it cannot be applied to each switch individually. A multiplexing scheme for rule placement is proposed to efficiently use TCMA. Same set of rules are deployed on each node and are applied to the whole session flowing through but with different forwarding paths. Rule placement problem minimizes the space occupation for multiple unicast sessions flowing under some QoS constraints. An optimization problem is also formulated by considering routing engineering (with or without candidate path) and rule placement under both the existing (Without rule multiplexing) and proposed (with rule multiplexing) schemes. Simulations are also performed to show effective use of TCMA resources by using proposed techniques. For a large scale networks with centralized controller, per-flow admission control is a challenge for scalability of OpenFlow enabled switch. Processing each individual flow causes traffic overhead in frequent communications between switches and controller. To solve this problem, a model for QoS provisioning in SDN is proposed that works on admission control with flow aggregation. Flow aggregation combines an individual flow with same forwarding and performance requirement into an aggregate flow, which can be processed as one flow for admission control as well as forwarding decisions. Some analysis techniques are also developed for determining required amount of allocated bandwidth and buffer space at switches to guarantee delay and packet loss performance requirements. Numerical calculations are also provided in the paper that show the effectiveness of proposed techniques. SDN and OpenFlow allows the implementation of traditional networking techniques like routing, load balancing and QoS approaches. QoS of network can be determined by analyzing these factors that how a particular network treats and handles a packet. Packet-switched networks usually cause low through put, packets dropping, jitter latency and many more. In this paper a quality of service mechanism that is to use DiffServ (DSCP) module with common queuing policy is discussed. Floodlight is an Open SDN Controller used by companies such as BigSwitch for faster adoption and network virtualization in SDN. Resource management is the major problem in computer networks and is still not resolved. Unfortunately, with the innovation of technology the network architecture remained in same state for decades. SDN is an emerging paradigm that allows to control entire network behavior through logically centralized software program. This made network management possible through the separation of control plane that controls the network and the physical devices i.e. switches and routers that are used for the routing of traffic. An OpenFlow protocol enables top control layer to communicate with ground data layer. The network operators thus can control the whole network behavior through high level written control programs. Also, centralization of control logic allows to perform complex operations on network e.g. management and control of network resources. With the growing QoS demands of real time applications, SDN allows network programmers to design protocols that ensure required performance. In this thesis, the SDN and OpenFlow is used to manage differentiated network services with high QoS. Initially, an architecture for QoS management and orchestration is defined, that allows to manage the network modularity. Then, an integration between the presented architecture and the paradigm defined by SDN is provided. The designed network architecture offers a stringent and differentiated QoS requirements. The model is then executed using different parameters, depending on the communication protocol, and provided optimal results to be implemented on a network.

Ethical Dilemmas and Cultural Issues Essay

29 year old Sakura has been brought to counseling by a concerned neighbor because she believes Sakura is suffering from depression. She is listless and silent, and prone to staring in to space. During the course of the counseling sessions, it was discovered that Sakura’s husband has been violent towards her recently. Sakura is Japanese and has migrated to California two years ago, here she met and married an American husband. Sakura refuses to tell authorities because she is ashamed that her family in Japan would discover the failure of her marriage. She clearly tells the counselor that no one should know of the state of her relationship with her husband. A counselor is ethically obligated to inform authorities about the abusive nature of the relationship but she is also obligated to respect her client’s wishes. Framework for Ethical Decision Making (Velasquez, M. , Moberg, D. , Meyer, M. J. , Shanks, T. ,. McLean, M. R. , DeCosse, D. , Andre, C. , and Hanson, K. O. , 2009) Recognize an Ethical Issue Psychologists cannot break client-therapist confidentiality; Sakura has clearly expressed that her problems in marriage must be kept confidential and believes that her husband’s temperament is just being affected by his problems at work and the situation between them can be resolved. The counselor feels conflicted because the situation involves actual and potential risk for the client. Get the Facts Sakura is being verbally and physically abused when her husband is incited to anger by small things, like unwashed laundry or bland food. She sometimes gets bruises when her husband grabs he arms and shakes her or pushes her around. Sakura feels miserable at the state of her marriage but she was raised to be a loyal wife to her husband. The Japanese value a good marriage and frown upon divorce and marital problems. The Japanese believe marital problems must be resolved at home and must not be publicly acknowledged. This must be dealt with in therapy sessions sensitive to her culture and to her way of thinking. She must learn to value herself more than valuing the opinion of others. Evaluate Alternative Actions The counselor may decide to first try to convince Sakura of the unreasonable aspects of her situation. An establishment of a high sense of self-worth in therapy can ideally enable her get out of the abusive relationship by her own accord. However, when the danger is imminent and when it is clear that her husband is escalating in violence towards Sakura then the first area of concern would be to notify authorities to stop the abuse. Make a Decision and Test It The therapist can decide to tell the authorities about the nature of the situation, testing a decision can involve looking at the possible outcomes should the decision be executed. All other approaches must be considered; a useful exercise would be asking the question â€Å"what If I told someone I respect-or told a television audience-which option I have chosen, what would they say? † considering different perspectives is vital in making the choice. Act and Reflect on the Outcome Implement the decision, tell the authorities and monitor the outcome, Sakura must be guided in therapy and offered psychological support at all times. Reference: Velasquez, M. , Moberg, D. , Meyer, M. J. , Shanks, T. ,. McLean, M. R. , DeCosse, D. , Andre, C. , and Hanson, K. O. , (2009). A framework for ethical decision making. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University.

The Key to Successful Social Injustice Topics for Essay

The Key to Successful Social Injustice Topics for Essay How to Find Social Injustice Topics for Essay on the Web Absence of responsibility is the least responsible because everybody is taught responsibility at least one time in their life. Discrimination always promotes or reveals unfair treatment of someone or a specific group of people on the grounds of prejudice and partiality which could cause emotions like frustration and anger. I don't believe it's the ideal path of action. If you don't sleep well, you're interrupting the process to keep up your general well-being. It is a way of intervention. When people aren't able to cover the problem themselves, then emergency assistance is provided once the issue is identified. And we all must begin giving the benefit of the doubt and understand what the actual face of the organization is. Also, a couple mistakes need to be made for the progress to occur, and everything must be questioned for the answers to appear. All folks are able to do to try and help or prevent bullying from occurring is to keep a look out on everyone and resist the bully. So as to eradicate discrimination, the support of each person is necessary. Social Injustice Topics for Essay Explained The question could possibly be part of your introduction, or it may make a wonderful title. These 12 women are a part of an unbelievable new program named Women Speak Out. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, a tremendous quantity of curiosity and capability to think beyond the box and search info in unconventional sources. Social media as a new kind of child-bullying. What the I n-Crowd Won't Tell You About Social Injustice Topics for Essay As discussed in the report, the financial inequality between wealthy and poor has continued to grow. A regional social injustice that I'm mindful of is racism and discrimination. Social justice issues can happen in regard to practically any part of society where inequality can arise because of unjust prejudices or policies. There are several crucial and important social justice issues to participate in. I think that these sorts of actions are somewhat more quiet kinds of activism. When you get a task to compose an essay on a social issue, you're given a chance to open an exciting discourse. We've gathered interesting topics it is possible to write on, and set them into subcategories. There are lots of examples of social justice associated with bullying. Social Injustice Topics for Essay - the Story It is going to also be harder for people from different countries to come to reside and work here. Most individual groups are discriminated on account of their racial background, for example, the Native Americans. The future of democracy and greater education is dependent on it. Students who respected the social justice mission proved much more inclined to state they intended to work for social justice later on and felt they possessed the skills to effect positive shift. Up in Arms About Social Injustice Topics for Essay? There are a couple main things you want to learn about b efore you even begin picking social issues essay topics. Most issues can have essays on all the aforementioned questions. When you compose a social issue essay, it is crucial to clearly show your private view of the issue. If you wish to compose a controversial essay, you definitely must look for the most effective social issues topics or satire topics. Writing an intriguing essay about trendy topics is an opportunity to reveal your understanding of the planet. If you wish to receive a degree from a reliable American college or university, then you will need to be sure which you're submitting flawless and superior essays. Before submitting your assignment, you will need to be sure that it's flawless and error-free. Don't hesitate to use our sample topics to produce your own! The 5-Minute Rule for Social Injustice Topics for Essay You won't need to be worried about a thing because we exist to aid you out. Yes, there's injustice on earth. Charity and poverty are two words, but can have the very same meaning. Becoming equal in the view of the law is the reason the statues of justice are seen with the scales held in 1 hand, and a blindfold over the eyes. The body parts must then be reassembled to make sure that the whole baby was removed. The caged bird represents black individuals, whilst the totally free bird represents whit e individuals. It is extremely important to avoid the kids from the dust in the home. You're building an image of a social issue, and you want to bring up every potential side of the story.

Argumentative Essay On Deforestation - 1399 Words

Makenzie Sheldon Jennifer Wilson Composition 1-ENG 1113 40 October 10, 2017 Argumentative Essay Even though young Americans are aware of the importance of protecting our environment, they still do not care enough to create the level of change that we need to avoid catastrophic worldwide consequences in our near future. When the choice comes down to what is truly better for our planet or what is cheaper, most people and businesses value cheaper, regardless of the effects on the environment. Thus resulting in a tremendous cost to our global sustainability. This specific issue is real to me and others, because Earth is our home, and we need the natural resources to sustain life. The list of reasons to protect our environment is infinite.†¦show more content†¦Whether it is deforestation, global warming, or even pollution. Scientists are experimenting every day on new ways to help preserve the environment. Around the world Countries are putting up a greater defense against climate change. In Americas’ recent past, President Trump backed out of the Paris Agreement. â€Å"And despite this reckless move, American mayors, state leaders, county officials, governors, major companies, and millions of citizens across our country have pledged that they re still in when it comes to the agreement, and supporting the goal of limiting future warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius.† (Denchak) This change in temperature could affect some marine life ecosystems negatively, or even worse, the human race. Even though President Trump withdrew from this Agreement, which is an agreement where the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,  "undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change, and assist developing countries to do so.† (UNFCCC) There are still a select few American’s who are advocates for environmental protection. I would like to be one of those someday that are interested in cleaning up, and better ways to evolve in the right direction. It is outrageous how privileged we are compared to some developing countries, and are still fairly negligent towards the environment. Everything on Earth has a purpose, we have to co-exist to survive. Even the smallestShow MoreRelatedFood Industry And Global Warming946 Words   |  4 Pages uses of fertilizer, Agriculture, and deforestation. Also, surprisingly, the agriculture sector account for about 22 percent of the green house emission which is similar to the industry, and greater than transportation (McMichael et al. 2007). Moreover, 80 percent of green house emission cause by agriculture is caused by livestock production (McMichael et al. 2007). T herefore, in the rest of the assignments (synthesis paper, interview, argumentative essays), I will mainly discuss how food industryRead More The Controversy of Deforestation Essay2601 Words   |  11 PagesThe Controversy of Deforestation Environmental issues affect every life on this planet from the smallest parasite to the human race. 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